Using Soccer Essay Topics

Using Soccer Essay TopicsThe key to good essay topics is to know the soccer basics. Knowing how to work out a topic from what is commonly done in soccer seems to be easy. Let's find out how to do that.First of all, you need to know that soccer is not a game but a sport that involve the players' ability to run and perform many moves using the ball. That is it. This is how you go about having a soccer essay topic.By having a soccer study guide, you would be able to learn more than just one thing that goes into writing a soccer essay topic. You will also be able to learn things that you never learned before and have interesting ideas to show on your paper. So do not just go on with your topic. Take your time and make sure you take it seriously.On a soccer essay topic, there are so many things that can be said. How about the essay topic itself? You could talk about the different aspects that make up soccer, the beautiful game. Let us see.These days, soccer is becoming popular among the y outh and is becoming more interesting to have opinions on. Who wouldn't want to make an interesting essay topic for their high school team? Or the team that plays in the state championship? What about the college team? As long as you're keeping yourself interested, you will be able to come up with a great topic.Soccer essay topics are a great source of inspiration for those who would like to write their own. At first, you might think that soccer isn't something you would be able to write about in an essay. But this is where the power of the internet comes in. People who were involved in the game before you would understand what it takes to write an essay topic that really makes the paper.By using soccer essay topics as inspiration, you will not only feel like you learned a lot but you would also get a kick out of writing about soccer. You will see just how much soccer has to do with the style of writing you want to put in your paper. Whatever the goal is, you can find inspiration on line.

The Theory Of Economics As A Science - 1182 Words

The economy born since the man realizes that he cannot get everything he wants. The economists analyse the economic problems as it happens, without adding their feelings, thoughts or them owns assumptions. Economics is based essentially in scarcity, if there is not shortage there would be no need of Economics as a science. As there are limited resources choices have to be made in order to allocate resources and factor of productions. According to Anderton (2008:30) when this allocation happens, results in the origin of the different economics as complex networks made up of institutions, organizations and individuals which determine what, how and for whom to produce. Two of these are: The Command economy where the factors of productions rests in the government hands (Gillespie, 2014: 8). Whereas in the Free-market economy there are few or non-government restrictions and hardly any control on the trade between individuals and companies. (Mankiw Taylor, 2011:9). The aim of this essay i s to evaluate based on the theories which of the markets system is better. First, it examines the main characteristics, aspects, advantages and defects of each of this two markets, then in the conclusion an answer is reached. This essay is going to show that a free market economy is better than a command economy. The command economy, inspired by Marxist theory, was born in the Soviet Union after World War I with the Russian Revolution (Hubbard O’Brien, 2008:8). Currently the countries thatShow MoreRelatedRational Choice Theory : Theories Of Political, Social, And Economic Sciences1467 Words   |  6 PagesFor nearly half a century rational choice theory (RCT) has dominated analyses of political, social, and economic sciences. Due to the theory’s objectivity and systematic predictability, rational choice is able to provide a comforting procedure to studying the decision-making process. 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Significance of Cyber Security for Business-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Challenges in Cyber Security for Business. Answer: Introduction With the evolution of Technology, challenges and opportunities are also continued to evolve. The current society is highly dependent upon the digital technology and Internet in order to deal with almost all basic activities of everyday life. Hence, we are highly dependent upon the application of Technology. Alongside the positive aspects of this technology there are several threats that the society has to deal with in order to ensure smooth overall functioning. The rise of Cybercrime is one of the major threats to the use of digital Internet technology. As all the business operational activities are dependent upon Internet technology, the rise of Cybercrime cases has been a major threat to the business operations. The matters related to cyber security have become one of the crucial issues of worldwide business. The threat of the cyber security is associated with the risk of financial data breaches that can ultimately cause financial loss to all the major companies. As the technology has helped in optimisation of business operation, the simultaneous rise of cyber security threats has been a major challenge for all multinational corporations across the globe. Hence it is important to analyse the security threats that are associated with use of digital Internet technology in business in order to ensure maximum possible safety. Project Overview The current project will discuss about the major challenges that all business operations in the current days have to face due to rise of cyber security. This is the major reason for financial loss for many organisations. The project will aim to discuss about the existing literature related to cyber security crime that has compromised account the business operational activities. Project Scope The project will initially discuss about the opportunities in business that are generally associated with implication of digital technology. The key area of focus will be upon the challenges that all major business operations have encountered in the past due to Cybercrime. Some practical examples will be provided from previous research work. All the relevant literature of the topic will be discussed in the project. Finally, some important suggestions will be provided that will help to resolve the issue related to cyber security for business operations that is usually achieved by maximizing the level of digital security. Relevant articles that were published after 2010 will be selected for this literature review. Literature Review Definition of cyber security As new opportunities are being generated with the improvement of Technology, Wang, et al. (2010), have mentioned that there are always some threats that are simultaneously associated with these new opportunities. The threat of malware and virus has originated almost since the dawn of computing. The exposure of sensitive data in the cyber world has attracted various criminal activities throughout past many years. With the penetration of internet, it is estimated that nearly 3.4 billion users all across the globe is connected with the help of Internet service (Choo 2011). This has been the major cause of rise of Cyber-crimes across multiple disciplines that expand from hardware and software. In order to counter the increasing threat of Cybercrime, the technological experts all across the globe have initiated the practice of cyber security that is mainly aims to provide high level of security software that may not allow the hackers or cyber security experts to breach the level of safety . Hay et al. (2011), have mentioned that cyber security has been improving with the progress of digital technology. This is mainly done to neutralize the threats encountered by major business organisations all across the globe. As more business Corporation all across the globe is implementing the use of digital technology in business operational activities, it is expected that the total number of cases of Cybercrimes will significantly rise. Hence it is essential, to raise the level of awareness among the people in order to minimise that threat that can compromise on cyber security and improve its practice. Threats related to ransomware The research paper of Cardenas et al. (2009), have highlighted up on the risks associated with ransomware, which is a type of Malware software from crypto virology. This type of software is a major threat to all business activities as it has the potential to breach all classified information of a business organisation that can compromise upon the quality of the business plan. The major type of ransomware Malware can prevent the access of the user to deny their system by blocking the system screen. They can also deny the access to the digital files that are encrypted. The prediction made by the McAfee Labs in 2017, suggest that ransomware can be a major threat in the current and upcoming years for all major business organisations. Cyber criminals not only deny the access of company's own files that are stored in the cloud, it also demands high level of payment in order to free the victims from the threat of data breach. Elmaghraby and Losavio (2014), have mentioned that ransomware is becoming a fast cyber security threat for all business organisations with almost 40%of all global companies encountering this threat. This ransomware has been one of the most popular ways of attacking business and other large scale organisations. The ransom, who has designed the application of ransomware, can demand up to $50,000 from the business operations in order to relieve them from the cyber risks. A research report suggests that nearly 50% of the companies in UK, who has encountered the threat of ransomware, have agreed to pay up on the amount. However in America, 97% of the companies, who got attacked by ransomware did not eventually pay the amount. On the other hand 75% of the Canadian company has been reported to a ransom the amount for neutralizing the security threat (Li et al. 2012). This amount that is paid by business operations from all the major nations of the globe has been a cause of financial loss. This is one of the major challenges that the cyber security has to encounter in current days. Threat from Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks This type of thread is associated with multiple system flood of bandwidth, of resource targeted system in one or more web server users. This type of attack is mainly encountered when multiple level of system are being compromised due to high level of Internet traffic. There are special commands designed by cyber criminals in order to change the protocol of digital data base without the owner being aware about the fact. This can also deny introduction of new connection in the digital platform as currently most of the digital platforms are being burdened with high level of information (Jajodia et al. 2011). Large scale organizations like the BBC have been one of the major victims of DDoS attacks that have not allowed the users all across the globe to access their website. As a result the companys website cannot be accessed by the public causing a major social issue. In the current year there are a significant increase over the cases related to DDoS as more than 10 million cases of diff erent scales have been reported in all across the globe (Ericsson 2010). It is believed to be one of the easiest ways for the hackers to disturb the business operational activities. As the normal functioning of business organisations are being disrupted, it is not possible for them to communicate with customers. The online service quality is also highly compromised due to the fact that the clients are not able to get proper information about the business. The reputation of the business due to compromising of their online activities can go down significantly as the pace of their operational activities get significantly slower. In many cases business organisations are dependent upon financial transaction through online services. Due to DDoS, these financial transactions are ceased, thereby causing serious capital loss for the company. Threat in the Internet of Things (IOT) and Mobile malware It is estimated that there will be nearly 1.8 billion connected mobile devices among all consumers across the globe by the year 2019 (Choo 2010). With the large number of users being connected for business purposes, it will easily attract hackers and malware practitioners to easily breach the level of internet connection. The Internet of things is easily able to connect the mobile devices for business transaction process. This is believed to be one of the major progresses of mobile computing in business. With the latest electronic software and sensors being able to connect and exchange important data, there is a higher risk associated due to cyber security threats as the data can be misused by the hackers. The privacy threat is also one of the major concerns in this context as the mobile devices may contain important personal information of a business person. The mobile devices that are being sold in the digital market are mainly associated with the threat of Internet of things. The mobile devices also allow the manager and workers of a business organisation to easily communicate among themselves. There are also classified meetings held with the help of video conference using the mobile devices. With the threat in Internet of things, there is the risk that the information within the business communication may be leaked to the public domain. According to Lam (2016), with increased number of smartphone users all across the globe, large scale business organisations are dependent upon mobile computing as a part of their business plan. The E-Commerce form of business is one of the popular ways that business has developed in recent times the application of mobile technology. Nevertheless with increased level of mobile computing in business along with increased number of smartphone users, implication of mobile malwares has been one of them major source of threats. It is reported that the total number of mobile Malware attacks have risen 3 times within the past 2 years. There have been approximately 8.5 million mobile Malware cases that have been reported in this time (Liu and Wong 2017). Depending upon mobile banking for all major financial transaction has been one of the major advantages of business process in recent. It is also possible to make all financial transaction across different parts of the globe for multinational corporations with the help of mobile banking. Mrmol et al. (2016), have mentioned in the context that Trojans is one of the major mobile ransomware that has increased by 1.6 times in recent times that have able to hack all the major financial information from mobile banking service. Threats from internal sources Most of the cyber security threats that are encountered by business organisation are from external agents that includes all hackers and malware practitioners. Nevertheless, it has been reported that large scale corporations have also encounter cyber security threat from internal agents, which is also one of the major challenge in this context. The IBM has been one of the worst victims of internal cyber security threat in 2016. It has been found that 60% of internal classified data are being leaked to public domain, which has compromised upon the business blueprint planning process. It was believed that the internal employees have been an expert of Malware practicing which has allowed them to leak vital company information public domain in exchange of high financial transactions. He et al. (2016), believes that the cyber security threat from internal source is likely to go up in the upcoming years. This will mainly occur due to the fact that there will be high level of competition among business organisations, which will enforce them to employ unethical policies in the form of internal cyber security threats to get vital company information. Hence it is important for the organisation to provide high level of training to the employees in order to identify potential Malware activities within the internal operational department. Risk of fake advertisement and information With the rise of digital technology, there has been a significant rise of popularity of digital form of marketing. This is one of the popular ways implemented by all scale business firms in order to carry out their promotional activities by providing vital information to the target customer groups. Online advertising through various digital media platforms are the popular ways of using digital marketing. Cross et al. (2017), in this context have mentioned about the risks that are associated with fake advertisement that are often being published by hackers in order to misguide the customers. Few of the common examples include, fake advertisement in the name of Banking service which convinces the customers to provide detail about the bank account and credit card information which can then be easily hacked by the cyber criminals in order to gain the access for financial transactions. Fake advertisements can also use the logo of reputed brand in order to provide false information to the public thereby compromising upon the level of security and brand image of the company (Herrera et al. 2017). Ways to overcome that cyber security threat for business In order to ensure smooth functioning of business transaction process and make best use of the mobile computing and digital technology it is important for all major business corporations to neutralize the cyber security threat and minimise the risk that are associated. Harris and P. Patten (2014), have suggested an important step in order to reduce the risk of internal threat of Cybercrime. This process includes going back to the basics while providing training to the Employees that can help them to identify potential threats from Malware practitioners. Most of the companies are dependent upon online portals that can help their employees to provide operational functions. It is essential that the portals can only be accessed by authorised users and it can only be accessed from the internal server of the company. Keeping individual security password for all employees is also an essential part and once an employee leave the organisation, it is important to change the password in order to deny the access for ex-employees. It is also the duty of the company to employee special security team, who will have high level of expertise in order to neutralize the threats imposed by hackers and malware practitioners. It is also important for the security team to provide the access for all the digital platforms of the company in order to ensure that they are able to provide best quality of security service. With the help of the use of latest security software, it is possible for the organizations to make best use of the application of mobile computing in business operation process. Conclusion In conclusion it is important to note that with the Rise of the use of Internet and digital technology for business operational activities, there is a huge risk that are associated due to the activities of Cyber threat from hackers and malware practitioners. Most of the online cyber criminals use special software like ransomware in order to get vital company information and get the access of financial transaction process. Has more number of companies are dependent upon mobile computing; there has been a significant rise of total number of cases related to Cybercrimes that has affected the business process in past many years. The current literature has also focused upon the importance of the intervention measures that can be adopted by implementing latest security software in order to minimise the risk that are associated with cybercrimes. It is essential that the future research work to focus upon implementing improved security measures to minimise the risks associated with cybercrime. Reference Harris, M. and P. Patten, K., 2014. Mobile device security considerations for small-and medium-sized enterprise business mobility. Information Management Cardenas, A., Amin, S., Sinopoli, B., Giani, A., Perrig, A. and Sastry, S., 2009, July. Challenges for securing cyber physical systems. In Workshop on future directions in cyber-physical systems security (Vol. 5). Choo, K.K.R., 2010. Cloud computing: challenges and future directions. Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal justice, (400), p.1. Choo, K.K.R., 2011. The cyber threat landscape: Challenges and future research directions. Computers Security, 30(8), pp.719-731. Cross, S., Graves, J.T., Lens, J., Mueller, M., Pair, S., Sinema, K., Swire, P. and Worley, C., 2017. Cyber MayDay: Who Is in Command When Your Business is in the Crosshairs and How Do You Respond?. Elmaghraby, A.S. and Losavio, M.M., 2014. Cyber security challenges in Smart Cities: Safety, security and privacy. Journal of advanced research, 5(4), pp.491-497 Ericsson, G.N., 2010. Cyber security and power system communicationessential parts of a smart grid infrastructure. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 25(3), pp.1501-1507. Hay, B., Nance, K. and Bishop, M., 2011, January. Storm clouds rising: security challenges for IaaS cloud computing. In System Sciences (HICSS), 2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on (pp. 1-7). IEEE. He, H., Maple, C., Watson, T., Tiwari, A., Mehnen, J., Jin, Y. and Gabrys, B., 2016, July. The security challenges in the IoT enabled cyber-physical systems and opportunities for evolutionary computing other computational intelligence. In Evolutionary Computation (CEC), 2016 IEEE Congress on (pp. 1015-1021). IEEE. Herrera, A.V., Ron, M. and Rabado, C., 2017, June. National cyber-security policies oriented to BYOD (bring your own device): Systematic review. In Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI), 2017 12th Iberian Conference on (pp. 1-4). IEEE. Jajodia, S., Ghosh, A.K., Swarup, V., Wang, C. and Wang, X.S. eds., 2011. Moving target defense: creating asymmetric uncertainty for cyber threats (Vol. 54). Springer Science Business Media. Lam, J., 2016, June. IIET: Cyber security in modern power systems-Protecting large and complex networks. In Cyber Security in Modern Power Systems, IET (pp. 1-12). IET. Li, X., Liang, X., Lu, R., Shen, X., Lin, X. and Zhu, H., 2012. Securing smart grid: cyber attacks, countermeasures, and challenges. IEEE Communications Magazine, 50(8). Liu, F. and Wong, M., 2017. Challenges of Cyber Security and a Fundamental Way to Address Cyber Security. Cybersecurity and Privacy-Bridging the Gap, p.189. Mrmol, F.G., Prez, M.G. and Prez, G.M., 2016, July. I dont trust ICT: Research challenges in cyber security. In IFIP International Conference on Trust Management (pp. 129-136). Springer International Publishing. Wang, E.K., Ye, Y., Xu, X., Yiu, S.M., Hui, L.C.K. and Chow, K.P., 2010, December. Security issues and challenges for cyber physical system. In Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE/ACM Int'l Conference on Green Computing and Communications Int'l Conference on Cyber, Physical and Social Computing (pp. 733-738). IEEE Computer Society.

Railroads Effect Chicago Essays - Chicago, William B. Ogden

Railroads Effect Chicago annon The nation network of railroads laid from 1848 through the Civil War, and the steam powered locomotives that traversed them, supplied Chicago with vast new markets, resources, and people who quickly transformed it from a quiet Frontier village into a highly populated industrial powerhouse. The Chicago of 1830 was hardly a city at all. Fort Dearborn located near the fork of what is now the Chicago River was bogged down with mud and tormented by disease and Indian wars. By the 1833 when the city was incorporated, a warehouse, dry good's store, and hotel had all been built. William B. Ogden, the first mayor of Chicago was also the first to attempt to give Chicago a railroad. He chartered the Galena and Chicago Railroad in 1836, but it collapsed with the economic disaster of 1837 (Berger 3). Ogden tried again in 1846, and on October 22, 1848 Chicago's first locomotive, Pioneer, was loaded onto the tracks (Casey, Douglas 59). In retrospect, Pioneer turned out to be a fitting name for the city's first train, because by 1866 there were more than forty railroads serving Chicago and the city's population had skyrocketed to just under 300,000. There were many problems that needed to be resolved starting in the 1830s, before a railroad could become a versatile enough to be a cost effective carrier of freight and people. The nation's original tracks had been built mainly of wood, although cheaper than iron, it was quickly decided that iron's durability was well worth the extra cost. Another development was the placement of ballas, or pebbles, that covered the bottom of the tracks and added weight and stability along with drainage to the tracks. Also, the trains were known to collide head on into grazing animals. The problem lay in how to keep the animal from being pulled under the train and causing it to derail. This answer came with the placement of a hood plate on the front of the locomotive so that whatever hit the train would be pushed harmlessly in front of it and could later be cleared without endangering the train. Other major safety issues found solutions with the utilization of lights and horns (Gordon 27-33). By 1848, when Chicago was ready to start building railroads, the technology had already been developed enough to conduct real business. Charters for railroads leading to Chicago soon began to pour in. After the Galena and Chicago Union Railroad was completed shortly after 1853, it merged with the Chicago and Northwestern Railway which began its long march to Greenbay WI. Soon came the Illinois Central, the Chicago Rock Island and Pacific, and the Chicago Burlington and Quincy. Many more came and connected Chicago to nearly every part of the US (Gordon 151). If one looked at a map of all the major trunk lines that stretched over the United States, he would see a wheel with Chicago as the hub (Berger 22). The busy development of all these new railroads furnished the developing Chicago with huge markets, to both the east and the west. Chicago's destiny as center of industry was set, but it would still take some time for Chicago to take advantage of its potential. The first of the markets was the ever-expanding frontier with its agricultural surplus that lay to the west and north of Chicago. In the frontier, a town's distance from a railroad determined what its cost for trade and travel would be. To minimize these costs, new cities and farms popped up very close to the railroads (Martin 81). Train loads of New Englanders came to these new villages in search of the free homesteads that they saw in newspaper advertisements and pamphlets back home. These men and women became the farmers who ended up producing surplus crops which they desired to sell (Gordon 35). According to Mayer, as they looked for their most profitable course of action, their goal was a destination with the most choices of routes, the highest competition, and therefore the lowest rates (Growth 122). With connections to many of the nation's railways, Chicago marked the spot to the farmers of the West. Chicago was the perfect outlet to sell their heavy and relatively inexpensive crops. The railroads in Chicago had laid the foundation for its success limited only to the ingenuity of the capitalistic market. To the east lay Chicago's second market, New England. By the 1850s, this region was industrialized and was producing vast quantities of manufactured goods. Facing much the same dilemma as the West, New England realized that Chicago was a perfect

Juvenile Corrections Essays

Juvenile Corrections Essays Juvenile Corrections Essay Juvenile Corrections Essay Com II How does the media stereotype you? *Come as your favorite stereotype: By Ego Aviators. Stereotypes Japanese women as some people may think of them. It shows a Japanese girl with slanted eyes, white paint on her face and dressed in a robe. (Race and Culture) *Will Stereotype for food: By The Latino Comedy Project. Stereotypes Mexicans as people with out Jobs that will do any line of work to get by. It has four Mexicans In the back of a truck holding up a sign saying will stereotype for food. Race and Culture) *The Arabs are coming: By New York Arab comedy festival. Stereotypes that Arabs will always have a camel with them because they are from the desert. It shows a camel with sunglasses in Hollywood. ( Race and Culture) *Whos a Looter? : By Tania Rally. Stereotypes a young black male of stealing because of how he looks. Shows two pictures on of a young black male with bags and is stereotyped of stealing as in the second picture has a white male and white female and they Just found the things they are holding. Race and Culture) Gay Asian-American Male Seeking Home. : by Chon-suck Han. Stereotypes a gay Aslant male by say how Aslant all reading look Like theyre more feminine then other males. (Race, Gender, Culture, and Sexual orientation) *On Covers of Many Magazines, a full racial palette is still rare. : by David Carr. Stereotypes White women as being or important for people to see on a cover of a magazine. (Race and Culture) *Not Only Natalie is Missing. : by Anne-Mar ie OConnor. Stereotypes how white women are shown in the media over other races and genders. Tells use how people will listen more of a white girl missing over another kind of kidnapping. (Race, Culture, and Gender) *Skin Deep What polls of Minorities Mils. : BY David Boosts. Tells use that polls only show use Stereotypes that may be true for some of the people but not all of them. Also Monitor use Tanat ten polls will always n (Race and Culture) more data to Increase Its result. *Advertising Sets Double Standard for the Male Gender. : By William Sea. Stereotype males of being men and they should act a certain way to be a man. It tells use about a commercial that shows a man that is successful being macho, watching sports, and drinking beer and tells use that thats how we need to be to be successful. (Gender and Culture) *Graphic Artist Carefully Assigns Ethnicities to Anthropomorphic Recyclables. : Appeared in august 2003 in the Onion. Tells use of how the artist is trying to get every different tip of race and sexual orientation as recyclable objects. Such as a black man as a trash can and a Mexican as a can. (Race, Gender, Sexual orientation,

Summarize the argument of one philosopher Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summarize the argument of one philosopher - Essay Example According to his explanation, this implies that to some people, the idea that God commands one not to do something will have a grave meaning or importance to their thinking that they will really have to consider that before coming to their conclusive decision. However, he is quick to add that the understanding of the idea one will have when deciding what is wrong or right does not serve the an answer to understanding what is morally right (p. 34). This means that a person should be made to understand why some things or actions are morally unacceptable rather than offering a template of do’s and don’ts as purported by the scriptures. The idea of morality is left vague and according to ethical relativism, this has been catapulted by the fact that morality is quite so relative and depends on other factors such as location, age or culture. An action that is acceptable in a given locality may be totally absurd in another geographic location hence calling the attention of what is morally right. According to Miller, to deeply understand ethical relativism which tries to explain whether there is a universal norm or what is considered universally correct. Therefore to conclude, an action can never be morally acceptable across all cultures or age groups. There are only moral norms that define or tie a certain group of people in a given society (p. 34). This forms the basis of moral relativism. However, as he explains, a norm may not be totally accepted in a society by all the members (p. 35). He uses abortion in the U.S. perspective to address this point. This makes moral relativism tough to understand. To address this confusion we agree that the rightness or wrongness of an action will be decided by other factors such as the harm they may inflict to someone’s physique or infringing on their privacy (p. 35). This is the basis of context sensitivity which explains the application or

The Development of Presidental Power in the United States Research Paper

The Development of Presidental Power in the United States - Research Paper Example Decisive issues in the history of the United States, such as territorial expansion and slavery, have played a crucial role in determining the scope and nature of expanding presidential power through the centuries. In order to understand the rise of presidential power, one must first set a standard to which that rise is measured. That standard is the first president of the United States, George Washington, who was inaugurated on April 30, 1789. In many ways, Washington set the standards for his successors: setting up a cabinet system, giving an inaugural address, and serving as a two-term president. He took over the presidency of a country emerging fresh from its quest for independence, and he immediately faced the problems of any newly established nation. Recognizing the need to sign major treaties for foreign powers and to ratify the Bill of Rights, Washington signed a large slate of legislative measures that set up channels of commerce, state militias, the judiciary, the United Sta tes Mint, and the first immigration laws. Each of these acts stood in concert with the newly signed Constitution, which Washington used as justification for his veto of the Apportionment Act of 1792 (Washington). By all accounts, Washington represents the classic president with his respect for the precise limits of his power. Washington held federalist sentiments, aligned for the most part with his Secretary of the Treasury, cabinet member, and friend Alexander Hamilton. Hamilton’s intellectual influence on Washington was so great that Washington’s famous Farewell Address is thought to have been crafted, at least in part, by Hamilton’s hand. The federalists like Washington and Hamilton viewed states rights as less important and a hindrance to an effective, efficient central state. The Articles of Confederation, which had been discarded in favor of the Constitution, stressed the value of states’ rights above a central state but to a degree that made the fe deral government incapable of carrying out its necessary, executive functions. In his Farewell Address, Washington makes it clear that a stronger central government, at the expense of states’ rights, is a necessary movement toward reducing deadly factions in American government. To that end, Washington urges support for the new constitutional government. A weak government, he warns, is one that cannot defend itself from factions, or enforce its laws, or protect the rights of citizens, which is implied as an argument against overemphasizing the sovereignty of individual states. After the presidency of John Adams, another federalist, Thomas Jefferson became the third president in March 1801. As a Democrat-Republican with anti-federalist leanings, Jefferson wrote in favor of state rights, believing that the size of the federal government ought not to be maximized (Schlesinger 23). Instead, he thought, states’ ought to have a greater degree of sovereignty because they are more responsive to diverse groups of people. Looking at the divergent interests of Southerners and Northerners, even in the early 1800s, Jefferson identified a potential source of conflict—a factionalism that might emerge on the highest level of government. Accordingly, he endorsed a political